Investigación en Negocios Internacionales: una revisión de alcance sobre el estado del arte hacia una conceptualización holística
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64492/qgwvsv37Palabras clave:
cadenas globales de valor, digitalización, empresas multinacionales, gobernanza global, negocios internacionales, responsabilidad social empresarial, sostenibilidadResumen
Introducción: La investigación en Negocios Internacionales presenta una fragmentación persistente entre enfoques estratégicos, institucionales, tecnológicos y de sostenibilidad, así como una débil integración entre niveles de análisis y perspectivas teóricas, lo que limita la construcción de marcos explicativos coherentes frente a los desafíos globales contemporáneos. Objetivo: Analizar el estado del arte de la investigación en Negocios Internacionales mediante una revisión de alcance, con el fin de identificar categorías temáticas dominantes, vacíos conceptuales y aportar una conceptualización holística del campo. Método: Se desarrolló una revisión de alcance siguiendo el enfoque de Arksey y O’Malley, analizando 28 artículos científicos de alto impacto publicados entre 1992 y 2019 en revistas indexadas en Scopus. Los estudios fueron codificados y organizados mediante análisis temático cualitativo, dando lugar a categorías emergentes. Resultados. Se identificaron cuatro macrocategorías: (1) estrategia internacional y contexto institucional; (2) transformaciones digitales, organización global y rendimiento; (3) responsabilidad global, sostenibilidad y gobernanza; y (4) desarrollo teórico y metodológico del campo. Los resultados evidencian una transición hacia enfoques más contextuales, dinámicos e interdisciplinarios, aunque sin consolidación de marcos integradores. Conclusiones. La literatura revisada muestra que los Negocios Internacionales se encuentran en una fase de transformación epistémica. Se propone una conceptualización holística que integra dimensiones estratégicas, institucionales, tecnológicas, éticas y metodológicas, destacando la necesidad de modelos multiescalares y pluralistas para comprender la complejidad del entorno global actual.
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