El círculo vicioso del aburrimiento y el scrolling: una revisión sistemática sobre el uso problemático de vídeos cortos en población joven
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64492/v8svyw45Palabras clave:
aburrimiento, adolescentes, cognición, jóvenes, redes sociales, psicología, regulación emocional, scrolling, vídeos cortosResumen
Introducción: El uso problemático de plataformas de vídeos cortos entre jóvenes es una preocupación creciente en salud pública. El aburrimiento, definido como un estado desagradable asociado a la falta de interés, emerge teóricamente como un desencadenante clave, pero se desconoce su papel específico en la dinámica de scrolling y sus consecuencias. Objetivos: Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo sintetizar evidencia sobre el papel del aburrimiento en el consumo de redes, el uso problemático y las consecuencias cognitivas, emocionales y conductuales del consumo de vídeos cortos en adolescentes y jóvenes adultos (12-25 años). Método: La revisión incluyó una búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos académicas: PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus y SciELO. Se incluyeron veintidós estudios empíricos publicados desde 2017 en inglés o español, que evaluaran la relación entre aburrimiento (rasgo o estado) y el uso de estas plataformas. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que la tendencia al aburrimiento predice de manera consistente un mayor uso problemático y adicción a los vídeos cortos. Este suele estar mediado por mecanismos como el miedo a perderse algo (FoMO), la desregulación emocional, los sesgos atencionales y la reducción del autocontrol. El scrolling pasivo impulsado por aburrimiento se asocia con déficits atencionales, mayor procrastinación académica, peor rendimiento educativo, y síntomas más elevados de depresión y ansiedad. Además, se identificaron diferencias demográficas: las adolescentes presentan mayor riesgo de uso prolongado, y la etapa de bachillerato es de máxima vulnerabilidad. En cambio, el uso activo (creación de contenido) se vinculó con mejor bienestar. Conclusiones: El aburrimiento es un factor de riesgo psicológico central que impulsa un ciclo vicioso de uso problemático de vídeos cortos en jóvenes. Su efecto actúa a través de múltiples mecanismos afectivos y cognitivos, y se asocia con consecuencias negativas significativas, especialmente cuando el uso es pasivo y evasivo. Los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de intervenciones que fomenten la regulación emocional y un uso consciente de la tecnología, más que centrarse únicamente en el tiempo de pantalla. La evidencia está limitada por el predominio de estudios transversales y un sesgo geográfico hacia Asia.
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