Impacto psicológico de nuevas dinámicas de abuso mediadas por la tecnología en relaciones sentimentales de adultos emergentes: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64492/newcz444Palabras clave:
abuso cibernético, cyber dating abuse, abuso digital, gaslighting, ghosting, phubbing, relaciones sentimentales, salud mental, sexting coercitivoResumen
Introducción: La digitalización de las relaciones afectivas ha dado lugar a nuevas formas de abuso como el ghosting, el gaslighting, el phubbing y el sexting coercitivo, asociadas al Cyber Dating Abuse (CDA), cuyo impacto psicológico y relacional no ha sido sistematizado exhaustivamente. Objetivo: Identificar si estas dinámicas se asocian con un impacto negativo en la salud mental y en la calidad de las relaciones románticas en adultos emergentes. Metodología: Se revisaron artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Dialnet y Redalyc. Tras aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión y eliminar duplicados, se seleccionaron 19 artículos. Resultados: El ghosting se asocia con sentimientos de exclusión y dificultades en el cierre emocional. El gaslighting aumenta la sintomatología depresiva, confusión, duda de la propia percepción y desequilibrios de poder. El phubbing afecta negativamente a la satisfacción relacional, aunque sus efectos sobre el bienestar general son más limitados. El sexting coercitivo se asocia con malestar psicológico y menor satisfacción vital, especialmente en mujeres. Conclusiones: Estas dinámicas afectan de manera significativa la salud mental y las relaciones románticas de los adultos emergentes, aunque la predominancia de diseños transversales limita la generalización de los resultados, por lo que se requieren estudios longitudinales y definiciones más precisas para mejorar prevención, evaluación e intervención.
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